Stock Buybacks

Stock buybacks have been a major feature of this secular bull market, especially last decade when they contributed to over 20% of S&P 500 earnings growth.

Crypto and Gold

October marked the end of the fourth year of the Bitcoin cycle and a likely intermediate top based on past cycles, which would also be the beginning of a down cycle for the rest of crypto.

Oil and Natural Gas

Back in 2022 most investors believed we were in a new oil and natural gas bull market with many years to run.

Risk-Adjusted Returns

With the extraordinary equity returns last decade especially in tech stocks, investors no longer care about risk-adjusted returns (it was a major focus for investors in earlier decades).

Economic Outlook

The economy has slowed in 2025 with real GDP growing only 1.5% in the first half vs. almost 3% in 2023 and 2024.

Market Breadth

The recent outperformance of small caps and some value cyclical sectors such as consumer discretionary will likely not last for more than six to nine months.

Timing of AI Bubble Bursting

The timing and circumstances are almost too perfect for the AI bubble to burst within the next couple of years to end the current secular bull market.

Stock Market Concentration

Very high stock market capitalization concentration is also a leading indicator of the end of secular bull markets.